We have already referred, on many occasions, to the forthcoming great international Stamp Exhibition which is be held in Vienna during the coming summer. Following the usual Continental custom, the organizers adopted a tabloid name and christened their effort the “WIPA, 1933.”

The organisation has been conducted upon efficient and elaborate lines and no less than four large illustrated. prospectuses have already appeared. We can have nothing but praise for the care and forethought that has gone to making all these elaborate preparations, but it is obviously becoming increasingly difficult for future international exhibitions to be kept within reasonable bounds if the public is always to expect such costly undertakings: However, it would be churlish not to appreciate all that Vienna is doing to make their exhibition a success, and a great success it will undoubtedly be. Vienna is, at any time, a delightful spot, but at the time of year chosen for the WIPA it will be at its best and the renowned Austrian hospitality will complete what should be for every visitor a delightful holiday.

According to the latest information, 38 philatelists have consented to act on the Jury. The number may appear large, but in view of the great number of exhibits it will be obviously necessary to divide the Jury into groups, so that the number is doubtless fully justified.

Great efforts have been made to make a visit to the Exhibition as easy as possible for those residing outside the borders of Austria, and the Committee have succeeded in obtaining special terms from many hotels in Vienna and from Railway, Steamship and Air-travel Companies. Unfortunately the prospectus does not state exactly which Railway Companies have agreed to these reductions, so we are unable to say at the moment what the exact saving will be to British visitors, but the organisers have arranged to supply visitors’ tickets in advance at the price of R.M. 3 plus R.M. 0.50 for postage, and on these tickets, which will bear their owner’s name, will be found an entitlement to enter Austria without a Consular Visa and to avail himself of all the various fare reductions, full particulars of which will be found printed upon the ticket. At the present rate of exchange this is roughly 5/-. Our Publishers will be pleased to obtain tickets for any intending visitors.

The writer and also our Mr. P. L. Pemberton, will be visiting the Exhibition, and, as usual, will arrange their route and obtain all their tickets through the Orchard Street branch of Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son. Ltd. This branch has been in the habit of making all our Publishers’ travel arrangements for a number of years, and any of our readers who contemplate making the trip will find ready help at Orchard Street. Messrs. Cook & Sons have already drafted out some suggested routes and hotels at inclusive prices, particulars of which are, we understand, now available.

Following the usual Continental custom the Austrian Postal Administration has made arrangements for special postage stamps to be produced for sale at the Exhibition, and has chosen for that purpose the Charity issue of 1933. This will consist of one value, face value 50 groschen plus a Charity tax of another 50 groschen. This stamp will only be sold against the coupon attached to a daily ticket of entry to the WIPA and will only be obtained at one of the three special Post Offices inside the Exhibition. There will also be an issue of 10,000 sheets of four of the same stamp, recess printed, and in larger size, and with special marginal inscriptions. These special sheets will be printed on granite paper instead of the ordinary, and will also be sold exclusively at the Exhibition Post Offices. Altogether the issue will consist of 40,000 stamps on ordinary, and 60,000 on granite paper; of the latter 40,000 consisting of the small sheets above mentioned. Should any of our readers wish specimens of these stamps, we should be happy to obtain them for them, but it must be remembered that to the cost of each stamp must be added Austrian shill. 1.60, which is the cost of the ticket, against which only can a stamp be obtained.

Again following the usual Continental custom, there are a very large number of special awards apart from the medals. These consist of objects of art and utility, and are mostly given for the best exhibit in some special group or class. The highest medal award will apparently be a gold plaque, of which only ten will be given.

A novel feature will be a competition in which every visitor can compete free of charge. Two frames of stamps will be exhibited, one containing 24 genuine and one forged, and the other 24 forged and one genuine, and visitors will be asked to name the one genuine stamp and the one forged stamp respectively. A record will be kept of all those who succeed in doing this, and three prizes will be drawn by ballot.

The Exhibition catalogue will provide an innovation in that it will be printed in German, English and French. As it will be a somewhat bulky book, a separate programme of the many social events will be supplied, and this will be further supplemented by the “WIPA NEWS” which will appear daily in order to keep visitors in constant touch with the organisation. The Exhibition Post Offices will use a special postmark, and will be completely equipped for postal, telegraph and telephone service, and will accept Poste Restante mail.

PROGRAMME

We have received the full day-to-day programme, but this is too long to print in full. The following will give a short idea of the arrangements that have been made:-

June 24th (Saturday) Formal opening of the Exhibition by the President of the Republic of Austria in the Hall of the Philharmonic Society, followed by an inspection of the Exhibition; open to invited guests only. In the afternoon opening of the Exhibition to the public.

June 25th (Sunday) Motor car trip to Voeslau, near Vienna, where there will be a special evening festival arranged for the visitors.

June 26th (Monday) International Convention of Air Mail collectors. Evening, a visit to the theatre.

June 27th (Tuesday) Special sight-seeing trips and in the evening Convention of the International Stamp Dealers’ Union.

June 28th (Wednesday) Sight-seeing under special guidance during the day, followed by an informal dinner in the evening.

June 29th (Thursday) Convention of the Union of Austrian Philatelic Societies, various sight-seeing tours, followed in the evening by a visit to the Monastery of Klosterneuburg, where dinner will be taken.

June 30th (Friday) 8 a.m., a visit to Melk, followed in the afternoon by a meeting with the Congress of German Philatelists, the route being through the famous valley of the Danube.

July 1st (Saturday) Meeting of the German Philatelic Societies, and in the evening a Fete at the Concert Hall.

July 2nd (Sunday) 39th Convention of German Philatelists, various sight-seeing tours including a visit to Liechtenstein, and in the evening an informal dinner in Gumpoldskirchen.

July 3rd (Monday) 4th International Congress of the Philatelic Press.

July 4th (Tuesday) Convention of Collectors of entires, various sight-seeing tours, and in the evening a Festival performance at the Opera house.

July 5th (Wednesday) 8 a.m. Special motor trip to the Rax Mountain.

July 6th (Thursday) Meeting of the Federation Internationals de Philatelie, and at noon a visit to the Town Hall to receive the welcome of the Mayor and Captain-General of Vienna.

July 7th (Friday) Various tours of sight-seeing.

July 8th (Saturday). Various tours, and in the evening the Exhibition Banquet, when the awards will be announced.

July 9th (Sunday) Motor excursion followed, at 8 p.m., by the closing of the Exhibition.

These brief details will enable readers to judge what excellent arrangements are being made for their reception, in Vienna.

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The “WIPA” is open. For two years the philatelic world has staggered under an avalanche of “Wipa” literature. One prospectus has followed another – Werbeschrift they call them here, and I will not attempt the German plural so give you the word in the singular – forms by the dozen, some to keep, some to fill in and return; propaganda labels, still more forms, and so the merry game has gone on – all leading up to the great day, a day which is in progress as I write these hurried notes on the Terrace of my hotel in Vienna. On this occasion I must discard the editorial ”we” from this page. I have come here to write a personal account of this great Exhibition, and intend to keep it as informal as possible. My older readers will remember that it has been my practice to write fairly detailed reports of the more important exhibitions in order to provide a more critical permanent record than could be found in the exhibition catalogue. Hence my presence here. So far, I seem to be the only representative of a British stamp paper, so it may be that my readers will be getting an “exclusive” account (a tempting excuse for my publishers to put up the subscription rate). And now for the Exhibition.

It is Saturday, the 24th June, and at 10 o’clock this morning the Exhibition was declared open by the President of the Austrian Republic. This ceremony took place, not in the Exhibition building, but in the adjoining concert hall. It was a most imposing ceremony, and the audience must have numbered a thousand. The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (of about seventy-five players) opened the proceedings with some suitably classic Beethoven, after which followed the speeches. The President of the “Wipa” spoke first, and invited the President of the Republic to declare the Exhibition open. This done, other speeches followed from the Minister of Finance and from the Burgermeister of Vienna. The serious part over, the orchestra played the “Blue Danube” waltz. It was an exceptional experience to hear this grand old dance tune plaved by a full philharmonic orchestra – and they did it magnificently. Another speech or two, the end part of Brahms’ No. 1 Symphony by the orchestra, and then we all trooped over the road to the main exhibition building.

It is a grand show of stamps; this is a lovely city; the weather has turned beautiful, and so everyone should be happy. I might except those who are issuing (or buying) the special government postage stamps issued for the Exhibition. On previous occasions I have given my opinion in no unmeasured terms of these “special” stamps. Personally I havn’t seen one of the Vienna ones yet, but saw some excited scrambling to secure these much-prized atrocities. I have just said that this is a charming city, I must not forget to say that the people are equally charming, all cheerful, all smiling – but that is the character of the place. In contrasting Berlin with Vienna, it is said that the Germans say that “things are serious but not hopeless,” while the Austrians say “things are hopeless, but not serious” – and after all, in this extraordinary muddled world that we are living in, that isn’t such a bad philosophy, as the text-book ones don’t seem to work.

To-morrow I start on my intensive tour of the Exhibits – my account of them must wait till our next number, as it is only by getting off these few notes of the opening ceremony by 8 o’clock to-night that I can get them to England in time for the June issue. I arrived here two days ago in order to arrange the display stand for the P.J. of G.B. that we had ordered. Alas, it had not materialised by this morning, though I had optimistically been paying visits every two hours or so to the Exhibition office. However, I am told it will eventually appear, so the old journal will get an airing in these pleasant climes.

I must warn my readers that my promised report upon the exhibits depends upon two unpleasant bogeys: Mr. Arthritis and Mr. Neuritis. Since my arrival I have presented a pathetic picture to the natives of an overworked philatelic editor tottering around on two sticks – and very literally, I am sorry to say; also, about nine hours sleep in four days is not exactly helpful to a proper appreciation of another fellow’s minor varieties. Still, I will do my best.

To-night there is to be a “beer” evening. Undaunted by the fact that I am only allowed water, I hope to go. It is all very pleasant and our hosts, who are slowly extracting themselves from the orgy of forms and printed matter, are delightful companions. Following the usual continental fashion, one is always shaking hands. However many times you may meet the same people in a short space of time – all shake hands. A very pleasant custom, doubtless, but at first difficult of dignified achievement when balanced on a stick with one hand and holding a hat and exhibition catalogue (latter in three languages) in the other. Going to my bath, complete with stick and large sponge, I experienced at first a slight difficulty in executing the hand-shaking operation with all those philatelists I met in the corridor, with quite that aplomb that I felt was necessary to uphold the prestige of the Old Country. But I have got it now, and d’Artagnan never swept off his hat with more grace than that with which I transfer my sponge from my right hand to the crook of the stick in my left, drying my right in the one same operation on my dressing gown. My best bag, so far, is four handshakes in the fifteen yards between iny room and the bath-room, two of them forming a perfect fast “right and left” immediately I emerged this morning.

To return to stamps. An important feature of this Exhibition is the British Government exhibit – the first Great Britain has contributed to a foreign philatelic exhibition. I have no time to describe this exhibit to-day, but, as this is such an important innovation, I give below the description as it appears in English in the official catalogue.

“The original die of the Penny black with the portrait head of Queen Victoria. From this die 204 Penny plates were made. Towards the end of 1854 consequent on the increasing weakness of the impressions, a copy of the original die was made which was retouched by William Humphreys. (Ph.) The original die, when taken out of use, was inscribed with the words ‘OLD ORIGINAL’ (Ph.). Humphreys’ retouched die, which was used for the preparation of the 1d. and 2d. plates made after 1854, is inscribed ‘NEW 3′. (Ph.). Furthermore, the 2d. die adapted from the One Penny retouched die of 1854 and first used in 1858 for 2d. plate 7, is being shown, as well as the original die of the Halfpenny stamp of 1870, engraved by Frederick Heath. The following proofs are being shown: a proof sheet, in black, on India paper, of the first plate of the One Penny stamp before insertion of the check letters and marginal inscriptions. This unique sheet of plate 1 in its original state, is in full black and shows the as yet quite unworn plate. Furthermore, a set of One Penny stamps cut from the imprimatur sheets registered at Somerset House. These sheets were never perforated or gummed. Of the 1d. black the plates A (V R Official) 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, are shown, also: 1d. red, original die 1, alphabet 1, plates 12-131, alphabet 2, plates 132-204; 1d. red original die 2, alphabet 2, plates 1-21, alphabet 3, plates 22-49 and 52-68 alphabet 4, plates 50, 51; 1d. red, new issue with four check letters, plates 71-225; 1d. Venetian Red, De la Rue, plates 1-33; 1d. lilac 14 dots, plates 1-8, 16 dots, plates 9-80. Of the Mulready Design for envelopes and letter sheets there is one plate proof before insertion of value and ‘POSTAGE’, signed by Rowland Hill, also a finished proof. Lastly the imprimatur impression of the One Penny Mulready letter sheet, on Dickinson silk-thread paper, registered April 7th, 1840, is also shown.”

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Fig. 2. WIPA Exhibition catalogue

The main catalogue (fig.2) runs to a few hundred pages! This article will look at some of the stamps and other material issued at WIPA 1933 and I have included some detailed eyewitness reports of the exhibition. Such primary sources are a very useful tool to the historian for they give us a contemporaneous view. Owing to space and other concessions, I have had to be quite ruthless in selecting the material presented.

Fig. 3. WIPA Exhibition catalogue

The first Vienna International Philatelic Exhibition had been held in 1881. Due to the First World War and confusions of the post-war period, over fifty years had elapsed before another could be held. WIPA 1933 took place from 24 June to 9 July and became an enormous social event. Vienna was at that time centre of the philatelic world. The opening of the show was personally made by Federal President Wilhelm Miklas (fig.1).

Fig. 1. Federal President of Austria Wilhelm Miklas

Visitors from numerous countries of Europe and even from America were brought in special trains and tour groups. Visitors from Germany were largely absent, as Hitler had briefly before imposed the tourist trade “Thousand Mark Barrier” against Austria. Nonetheless, in the 16 days it ran, 42,000 visitors saw the exhibition.

As I have already said, my initial interest in this exhibition derived from the splendid vignettes featuring postal transportation. These would enhance many a thematic collection! These issues were designed by acclaimed sculptor/stamp designer Ludwig Hesshaimer (1872-1956). He was a prominent stamp designer of the period and I include a couple of his essays for the Iceland Opening of Parliament in 1930 (fig.4) and example of one of his sculptures (fig.5), and painting (fig.6) to give you an idea of his work. It should be noted that he was also chairman of the exhibition committee.

Fig. 5. Ludwig Hesshaimer sculpture

Fig. 6. Ludwig Hesshaimer painting “Sarayewo 1910″

The vignettes are superb Art Déco examples of Hesshaimer’s craft. The first issue was in ten different colours: violet, claret, red, orange, light green, dark green, dark blue, light blue, brown and grey, but these soon sold out. A second issue was then released in ten colours: bright violet, lilac, vermilion, olive-green, emerald-green, azure, dark blue, black, red-brown and carmine brown. There are 10 designs:

Figs. 7a – 7j

1. Klapper post – postman on foot, with rattle (Fig.7a)
2. Postman on horseback (Fig.7b)
3. Horse drawn mail coach (Fig.7c)
4. Sailing ship (Fig.7d)
5. Ocean liner (Fig.7e)
6. Steam train (Fig.7f)
7. Motor charabanc (Fig.7g)
8. Flying boat (Fig.7h)
9. Zeppelin (Fig.7i)
10. Rocket – experimental mail carrying rocket flights had already taken place in Austria in 1931. (Fig.7j)

They were available at the price of 0.20 Austrian shillings per set and sold at the Office of the WIPA, with a number of WIPA propaganda offices abroad and larger towns of Austria. Approximately 1½ million copies were sold. A small number of sets were left in imperforate and used in conjunction with a special album designed by the artist to persons donating at least an amount .50 Austrian shillings.

There were three exhibition buildings: the Secession Hall (fig.8), the Artists House (Künstler Haus fig.9) and postcard with special cancellation (fig.10) and the Military Casino.  Eight hundred collections, at that time a very high number for such exhibitions, were shown. In addition, numerous congresses, society journeys, special flights (fig.11), special ship posts, etc. were organised.  Moreover 12 other philatelic congresses took place simultaneously and 17 postal administrations were present. Nine stamp printers placed printing machines and other documents on the premises.

Fig.8. Sezession (The Succession Hall)

Fig. 9. The Künstler Haus (Artists House)

Fig.10. Postcard with special cancellation

Fig. 11. Souvenir card for Kronfeld Glider Flights

The Austrian State Printers set up printing machines in the Secession. There before the eyes of the visitors they produced and distributed to the public reprints of the first Austrian newspaper stamps, the famous “Merkure”, in panes of 16 stamps and nine different colours (fig.12).

Fig. 12. Half-sheets of all nine colours of the “Merkure” reprints

Austria Post issued a special semi-postal stamp for the Exhibition, once again designed by Hesshaimer, reproducing part of a famous painting by Moritz von Schwind, to the postal value of 50 groschen was added the same amount for charity, plus 1.60 shillings for admission to the exhibition. The stamp was printed on both ordinary paper and fibre paper. In addition the stamp was issued as a souvenir sheet containing a block of four stamps, which differ from the ordinary stamps in their perforations (fig.13). This has always been a highly sought-after item and has been re-printed in recent times.

Fig. 13. Souvenir sheet containing a block of four

There is a first-hand report of WIPA by Sir John Wilson, the Vice-President of the Royal Philatelic Society, London at the time.

I think it is worthwhile reproducing sections of the lengthy report as it is an eyewitness account of the exhibition and primary sources are always valuable.

“In attempting a report on the Vienna Exhibition, it is only right to open with the observation that anything that appears in these notes is purely a matter of personal opinion, and does not pretend to express any collective view, and in particular the view of the jury, of which I was a member.

The organisers of the WIPA had prepared their way with possibly the biggest publicity campaign, which has ever preceded the actual opening of an exhibition, and with this campaign they were successful in attracting to Vienna an extraordinarily representative body of collectors, dealers and experts, and an equally representative series of the world’s best collections.

I was unfortunately unable to arrive early enough to attend the opening century, but I have the authority of our American friend Mr. Alfred Lichtenstein, for stating that it was very effectively carried out. The President of the Austrian Republic and many other notabilities delivered addresses. There was a splendid programme of music and the WIPA exhibition opened with a “bang.”

The mounting of the exhibits could scarcely have been improved. All the frames were set up vertically in bays in the middle of the rooms, and in line around the walls; the glass fronts were screwed home and in many incidences apart from the pages mounted in the frames there were glass-topped cases attached to the exhibits which were capable of holding extra pages or volumes. In any view this was a new idea of great value to the Jury, and, provided the expense is not prohibitive, I recommend it confidently for future adoption. It is possible for members of the Jury to consult material in the cases at the same time as the material in the frames and it avoids the objectionable practice of having to refer to a possibly distant storeroom, instead of dealing with the whole collection at one given moment. The cases were closed and could only be opened by a member of the Jury. I think it was the general view that the organisation had been very successful of their frames. None of the stamps were mounted too high or too low for examination; the lighting was a near perfection as one could hope, and at the same time it was never permitted to be strong enough to involve stamps in any risk of fading or damage.

The order and arrangement of exhibits was, with a few exceptions, quite first class and each room contained special arrangements of stamp designs mounted on the walls above the frames to illustrate what country or group of the exhibits was in that particular room and one could obtain in general, a very good idea of what was contained in any given room by a quick glance at these enlargements. The last-moment withdrawal of a few mid-European collections occasionally involved the authorities in a series of empty frames, which had been reserved for their display. These frames were filled with other material as far as possible to avoid blanks but this was practically the only exception to the general scheme of perfectly ordered and continuous arrangement.

The exhibits in the competitive exhibition were arranged on two floors of the Künstler Haus, and the Government exhibits were arranged in a separate building, the Sezession; this section of the building also contained the special prizes which had been donated, of which there were a large quantity, and in addition, the Post Office of the Exhibition, and the plant for printing the sample stamps were housed there.”

Wilson goes on to describe numerous exhibits. However, I thought it would be of particular interest to our readers to read of the Australasian exhibits.

“In the Australian section Mr. Bernhard helped the Exhibition authorities not a little. His specialised collection of New South Wales was in the honour class. Mr. Bernhard does not specialise the plating, so that this collection can hardly be considered for the highest award, but it contains very fine copies, pairs, etc., of the early stamps. His New Zealands, Queenslands, South Australias, Tasmanias and Victorias were grouped for one award.

Mr. Bernhard would be the first to admit that none of these have quite reached the standard where they can compete for a gold medal on their own, but they are becoming very important collections. In New Zealand he has a mint pair of the 1d. London Print, and the 1s. blue-green, unwatermarked, unused, with a fine lot of used stamps. In Queensland, pairs of the imperf. stamps and the finest mint 1d. clean cut, known to me. His South Australians and Tasmanians are both full of rare and fine stamps. In Tasmania the penny 1d. blue is represented by a strip of four, and he has the 4d. on laid paper. The Jury intended a note to recommend that these collections which were grouped for an award were not intended for the future to be excluded from the honour class. His Western Australians have reached a standard of completeness where they may stand on their own. His finest pieces are the complete sheet of the 4d. lithographed, and the famous inverted frame.

Mr. Theo. Steinway showed New South Wales very complete for plating in a high standard of condition. The collection is possibly weak in unused for supreme award purposes but I particularly admired some of his classic issues and noticeably his 8d. diadems on covers.

Mr. R. Wedmore has a small but very select exhibit of South Australia. He only takes the stamps in superlative condition, nearly all used, and if one does this in South Australia the exhibit must necessarily be small. He has a very noticeable piece in a strip of six of the 1d., imperforate, Colonial printing, on an envelope.

Mr. Owen C. Limmer showed a collection of Cook Islands, including a plating study of the first type and some new work on the setting of the provisional overprints. He proved himself a very good philatelist in the way in which he handled this little country.

In the research work on the Australian stamps, Mr. J.W.R. Purves of Australia had exhibits of New Zealand Pictorial issue of 1898-1907; New Zealand Postage Due stamps of 1899-1902; Tasmanian Pictorials, 1899-1912, and Victoria, 6d., 1862-65 and the issues of 1863-64. Mr. Purves’ work on these surface-printed stamps is widely known and universally admired in this country, and as most of his results of his researches have been published I do not propose to deal with these collections in detail. It only remains for me to add that his collections are on par with his research.

Mr. Geo.Ginger. showed his well-known specialised study of the New South Wales postmarks on the Sydney Views.

Finally we must not omit M. Théodore Champion’s exhibit of the rarities of the British Colonies in Australia; with very few exceptions, all his stamps were in mint condition. His New Zealands included the London prints, the thick unwatermarked papers Star and N Z papers in complete sets and the finest set of pelures in brilliant unused state, including the 3d. value, that I have ever seen. His Queenslands included the 2d. imperforate in mint condition with sheet margin, his Victorias, a good representative lot of the half-lengths, and his South Australias a very complete series, including the classic early stamps, the high values of the middle issues, and a really beautiful lot of the Departmentals. His Tasmanias included perfect mint copies of the early Perkins Bacon types and a 4d. on laid paper.

Some difficulty appears to exist on the Continent with reference to the London Prints of New Zealand on white paper; when most experts are satisfied that the 2d. value only exists on white paper through atmospheric or chemical action; it is not possible to show the stamps in unused condition, and even M. Champion has slipped up on this stamp. The same applies to the 1s. value.”

I hope this have given you a birds-eye view of the WIPA and its many points of interest.

Bibliography

The London Philatelist – July 1933

Stamp Collecting – 17 June 1933

Alphabetilately – www.alphabetilately.com (Developed William Senkus)

HOG Kronstadt – http://www.hog-kronstadt.de/l_hessh.html (Uwe Konst)

Siebenbürgische Zeitung Online – http://www.siebenbuerger.de/sbz/sbz/news/1017134995,69409,.html (Wilgerd Nagy)

Allegro – http://idg.allegro.pl/show_item.php?item=71062505

The Rail Philatelist – http://www.railphilatelist.com/cinderellas.htm

New York Chapter of the U.S. Philatelic Classics Society – http://www.nystamp.org/Intertwining%20Part%208.html

Internationale Postwertzeichen Ausstellung Wien 1933 (Handbook)

Internationale Postwertzeichen Ausstellung Wien 1933 (Katalog)

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